Is failing to act on an immoral act immoral?

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Nich
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Posted on: October 18, 2010 - 8:48am

I thought of this question after reading over the small abortion topic brought up recently.

Say that you get put into a situation, such as a gas station thats being robbed.  You have a weapon on you, and you can safely stop this guy (safely being the key).  If you do absolutely nothing to stop him, are you immoral for your inactivity?

This is my question regarding abortion and libertarians.  If you really believe abortion is murder, is failing to act the same as supporting it?  I know acting on abortion can be very broad, but it could be as simple as verbal disapproval.

On the reserve side, there are genocides that go on around the world, but I personally don't feel like its my responsibility to do something about it, as in donate time, money etc.


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Jackie Fiest
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Posted on: October 18, 2010 - 1:36pm #1

I wouldn't say it is immoral as much as it is irresponsible. Espically with libertarians who hold private property rights in such high esteem, protecting others who may be having those rights infringed should be done if possible, especially when it can be done safely. But I wouldn't suggest any actions against the person who didn't act as it is one's own responsibility to protect one's property ultimately.

As far as abortion, would it be immoral to stop a woman from having one? I think so, yes. Despite whatever your personal views on abortions are, it's my body, my life and no one should be able to tell me what I can do with it. A fetus gets it's oxygen, it's nutrients..everything....by taking it from my body. Now if I want to have a child, I consent to that and that's fine. But what if I was raped, or got pregnant through a broken condom and not only don't want to raise a child, but don't want to go through the tiring and sometimes deadly process of pregnancy? Should I be forced to because you personally find my actions immoral? No. My body is my private property and that gives me the right to decide what to do with it, you trying to stop me is infringing on those rights and I feel at that point I'd be justified in taking some steps via private arbitration to prevent any further infringments on me from that point on. If you want to picket outside the clinic, that's fine too, as long as you don't stop people from being able to come and go.

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Gardner Goldsmith
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Posted on: October 18, 2010 - 5:36pm #2

The concept of "morality" is a tricky one. As we've discussed here and in the audios, use of the term morality is slippery because it means different things to different people -- another reason why one doesn't want government or any other form of majority control to determine the moral outlook for everyone. Only through peaceful interaction in society can we hope to come to some equilibrium and agreement with others as to what we find to acceptable and unacceptable modes of behavior. It just so happens that most people (most) tend to resolve these interactive investigations by organically determining that negative reciprocity (you should be left alonve by me and I will not aggress against you) will be the rule under which they will operate with one another. There could always be exceptions, say an island of masohists and sadists, for example, where they establish social rules wherein torture and agression are not things that are shunned. However, we tend to shun bad actors and engage in peaceful interaction with those who are peaceful.

Generally speaking, libertarians tend to adhere to the non-aggression principle, of course, but it IS an interesting question to ask not whether it is "moral" to not intervene, but whether it falls into the spectrum of libertarian non-agression ideology. I don't see that it would be "immoral" perse, but free market societies which saw this happen a great deal might find themselves not as popular as those in which neighbors looked out for one another in dangerous instances. There would be different levels of this idea of "looking out for", so that, through trial and error, they figure out thresholds that wouldn't be breached. Say, for example, a guy is a drug user, and someone else becomes concerned about that use. Should he intervene? Well, different societies might have pre-agreed-to rules about that, and private arbitration systems to resolve disputes as to whether the "intervention" was justified.

As far as stepping in to stop a crime on someone else, again, those instances where the society voluntarily accepts intervention and those where it doesn't are things which each voluntary society can determine. Each time, people will have the option of being a part of the system or not, and the market will provide alternatives and different levels of "intervention" activity that are acceptable. With government/state systems, you don't get this kind of response, and recourse for state misakes is nearly impossible.

Abortion is a case where, again, te voluntary society can make its own rules, and people can accept them or not. There is so much disagreement on that, that having government/state rules is unworkable.

 

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LysanderSpooner
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Posted on: October 18, 2010 - 9:39pm #3

GG,

Going from memory, I believe you stated in an old podcast that you believe (there's that religious word again) that abortion is murder.  Using Jackie's hypothetical, what would you personally do if you knew someone was going to commit an abortion?  Assume for the sake of argument that you live in a society where it would be permissible to intervene.  And if you do believe that abortion is murder and wouldn't act, does this mean if an 18 year old was going to be murdered that you would also fail to act? 

Is Jackie right in saying that pro-life libertarians, who wouldn't stop an abortion, are really "pro-choice"?    After all, no one would disagree that stopping a grown child from being murdered is wrong?  For those opposed to abortion, shouldn't the pre-born and the born be thought of as the same?

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Jackie Fiest
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Posted on: October 18, 2010 - 11:58pm #4

Then, there is also the possibility of a woman getting pregnant due to rape, someone forces her to go through pregancy due to their own moral beliefs, and then she dies in child birth. Should that someone be held responsible for her death? That someone directly caused her death, so are they a murderer?


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Nich
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Posted on: October 19, 2010 - 1:28am #5

This was part of what I was trying to bring up Lysander; even if societies do or do not accept intervention in this case, you still have your own personal convictions and not acting on those convictions is the same betraying your own morality.  I wasn't trying to argue degree, which can span from verbal chastising to shaking your head to outcasting or to killing even. 

Its difficult to demonstrate what I mean, because every situation deserves its own evaluation.  IE, you have a relative getting an abortion( say, through carelessness it was conceived) and you disapprove.  If your conviction about abortion is strong, I'd say it'd be immoral not to try to convince her to change her mind (under normal conditions).  I don't know how far one should go, because I'm not willing to say you should do EVERYTHING you possibly can to stop her. (Assuming your convictions are not brought around by emotions, but instead derived from reason.)


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Gardner Goldsmith
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Posted on: October 19, 2010 - 2:07am #6

Just hopping on to check the really thought provoking comments from you all.

Lysander, just to be precise on my look at abortion. It's a matter of definition, not belief. It's an "if-then" statement to me. If one looks at a human embrio at the point of conception as distincly human, and one recognizes that it is alive, both of which are true statements, then the intentional ending of that life is the killing of it. I simply offer the logic chain to those who are inconsistent about what is or is not a human life. I always state it is the taking of a human life, because abortion is that, while it can and cannot be murder depending on the situation.

For example, abortion for self-defense, some people might see that that is killing, but not murder.

 

Nich's point is very thought provoking, and I see what you mean, Nich, about making my own personal choice based on my own moral position re abortion and re stepping in to save a life.

 

Personally, I think the two are sometimes distinct, and sometimes the same. Personally, I would feel as if I betrayed my own morals if I did not try to stop a murder. But those circumstances are always different. Depending on the level of danger to myself, perhaps I would choose not to in the spur of the moment. One never knows, but generally speaking, I would try. How does that translate to stopping abortion on a one-to-one level? Well, great question. If I believe that the abortion is not for self-protection of one's own life, is it not analogous to murder? In most cases it is. So what would I do, based on my own morality and not based on that of the society in which I might freely choose to live?

On my own, I would try to stop it. But in every case? And how? Would I talk to the mother? Would I prevent the doctor from acting? Would I hold a gun to a woman and make her carry her baby? How extreme is one willing to go, and where does it become coercion rather than protection?

 

If faced with such a situation, what information does one need in order to act on his morals? Can one be certain the mother wasn't in a life threatening situation? Can one know if she was raped or she engaged knowingly in sexual relations and created the new life with her own consent?

Saving the life of a person outside the womb is easier to consider, whereas the unknowables are numerous when one looks at abortion.

Tough questions. When I talk about abortion, I merely try to get people square on what a fetus is, which is that it is clearly a distinct human life. No one needs religion to discern those prima face facts. However, what one does to be consistent, that's a fascinating question.


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Jackie Fiest
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Posted on: October 19, 2010 - 2:13am #7

One thing that is worth pointing out is that if someone who is against abortion "acts on his conviction" and keeps a woman from having the abortion, her life is forever and permanently affected. Even if she gives up the child for adoption and doesn't raise it, pregnancy has consequences on the body. That's why 529,000 women a year dies from it. She has been stopped from living her life as she chooses. What right does anyone have to tell a woman, "You HAVE TO go through pregnancy and give birth!" just because that's their morality? Isn't the reason we are libertarian is because we believe that people should be free to live their lives without others imposing a domainant will on everyone? Should I be forced to have a baby because someone else has decided that I have to? Some religions say "You HAVE TO circumcise your sons, because God says so..." They believe it's necessary in order to get into heaven. So they steal your child in the night and circumsise your child. That person has just imposed their will on your life and your family. It's the exact same thing. I don't care what reason a person has for disagreeing with abortion, religous or not, I don't see what it has to do with any woman on her reproductive decisions. Some people think taking birth control pills or using condoms is murder because it prevents pregnancy from happening. There would have been a "life" if you hadn't used condoms or taken those pills. Where do we draw the line?


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LysanderSpooner
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Posted on: October 19, 2010 - 6:40am #8

Can a woman kill her "born" child because she doesn't want to take care of it?  Or does she have an obligation to find a new home for it?  If the fetus can live outside the womb, wouldn't she have an obligation to have it removed and sent to someone willing to take care of it?


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Jackie Fiest
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Posted on: October 19, 2010 - 1:35pm #9

LysanderSpooner wrote:

Can a woman kill her "born" child because she doesn't want to take care of it?  Or does she have an obligation to find a new home for it?  If the fetus can live outside the womb, wouldn't she have an obligation to have it removed and sent to someone willing to take care of it?

 

If a woman knowingly carries the baby to term she does put a certain amount of responsability on herself. And, if the fetus could live outside the of womb...no. I think she is still entitled to have an abortion if she wants one.

And, since everyone is throwing around moral questions, let me throw two out.

First off, I once read a story about a woman who decided to have an abortion after her doctor told her that going through the pregnancy would have devistating effects on her body. Her particular issue is she was a very small woman and the baby growing inside her body would have put a lot of "squeezing" pressure on her internal organs, including her spinal cord and spinal column. As I'm sure we all know, spinal cord injury can lead to paralysis.

Now, I'm not going to even ask if she was right, or if she should be able to have an abortion, because that decision is hers and hers alone. But, what I'm going to pose to you is does this woman deserve the aforementioned "dirty looks, verbal chastisement, and other forms of ostracism or persuasion then scale into the forced based actions"? Which life is more important? The life and well being of the mother? Or, the fetus?

Secondly, as an abortion supporter, and as someone who believes that a woman should make the decisions for herself, would be appauled if I found out any of you were going to go talk to a woman in an attempt to denigrate or shame her into doing what you think she should do, I'd be offended and think it was wrong. I'd find it immoral. So, how far is acceptable for me to go to prevent you from doing so? Would it be okay for me to..say...slash the tires on your car? Or get permission from her to stand in front of a door with a shotgun and say, "She's not interested in your opinion and she has said that I can shoot you if you come onto her property," would you still pursue it? What if I was going to be the one who was going to have the abortion and I made it very clear that I wasn't interested in your opinions and had already made up my mind...are you willing to tresspass or break the law in order to push your own version of morality on me? What if you found out after the fact that I had had the abortion...would you turn around and kill me in return based on the morality that dictates your life (not mine) that I had committed a murder?


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LysanderSpooner
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Posted on: October 19, 2010 - 6:26am #10

GG,

I don't mean to chide you about the word believe.  I  think it's just the nature of the English language that we use believe in so many ways.   After all, the LC motto is "We believe in the invisible hand and the broken window". My opposition is abortion, or rather, the reason I believe it is killing is philosophical and scientific,not religious.  If I were an atheist, I would still hold the same position.  As you said, the killing becomes murder when it is not for self-defense.  As a sidenote, Ron Paul has stated that he never witnessed an instance where abortion was needed to save the life of the mother. 

I think the jist of Nich's comments where this.   If an oppoent of abortion knew that a woman was going to have one, would they employ force to stop it? 

I do think the point would be moot in a stateless society.  I could not envision any way for someone to prevent an abortion in such a society. 


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Nich
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Posted on: October 19, 2010 - 12:36pm #11

Force is a matter of degree Lysander; if you had a scale of action, it would start at peer pressure type of things, such as dirty looks, verbal chastisement, and other forms of ostracism or persuasion then scale into the forced based actions.  Like I said eariler, every situation determines their own degree of action to it, but in the case of a relative having an abortion who you can easily reach, the least you could do is try to talk to her to stop it.


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mothyspace
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Posted on: October 25, 2010 - 4:42pm #12

All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing - Edmund Burke

Whatever Burke's philisophical piccadillos from the Libertarian viewpoint, this is an excellent summary quote.

The quote and the issue at hand has particular relevence to pre World War II Europe, and its attempts at placating the marauding Evil of Hitler. The whatif question on many issues comes up, but on that I often wonder what would have happened had Europe stopped Hitler earlier. Would millions of lives have been saved?

 

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Jackie Fiest
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Posted on: October 26, 2010 - 1:54pm #13

A lot of these quotes are as it relates to problems such as government tyrrany. But, the example given here was abortion and you have to take into consideration the consequences of meddling into other peoples personal affairs. One of the reason why a lot of libertarians are against the current war is you have to take into consideration the consequences of going into another mans home unwelcome, but people are happy to do it when it suits them to push their morality on people who didn't ask them for their opinion.